Frequently asked questions
Here you will find the answers to my most frequently asked questions separated by category:
About Selma
Common Hesitations About Therapy for Trauma
Common Hesitations About Access & Affordability of Therapy
Stereotypes About Psychologists
About Selma
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I started with a Bachelor's degree in Science, majoring in Psychology and Psychophysiology. After that, I completed a Postgraduate Diploma in Psychology (again with a focus on neuroscience). During this time, I fell in love with neuroscience, especially working with EEG (Electroencephalogram) technology.
EEG let me peek into our brains to see how they tick, particularly how we process memory and attention. I also explored how different types of trauma, experienced at various stages of life, might affect our brains.
My passion for psychophysiology (another name for neuroscience) led me to pursue a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology with a Neuroscience focus. Using advanced brain imaging techniques (MRI, MEG, and Eye-tracking), I studied what happens in our brains after experiencing trauma. The findings were fascinating… one of them was that our brains can shift into super-alert mode, making everyday situations seem threatening.
While investigating how this heightened alertness might lead to PTSD, I wondered: does this happen the same way across different cultures? Thanks to a group of wonderful former-Yugoslavian refugees who participated in my research, we discovered something interesting. While culture shapes how we experience trauma, the way our brains scan for threats is remarkably similar across the globe.
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I believe in being real with you.
No hidden agendas, just honest conversations wrapped in respect, empathy, and compassion. Think of me as a supportive guide who'll be direct when needed, but always with your wellbeing in mind.
I'm here to help you take the wheel of your own life. While I'll be there offering support and direction, you're the one in control of your journey. Sometimes you might need gentle encouragement, other times straight talk - I'll adapt to what serves you best.
What makes our work together special? We'll take evidence-based treatments and tailor them to fit your unique story. Your needs, values, and goals shape our approach.
When you're ready to make changes, we'll tackle the challenges together.
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When we work together, my first priority is creating a safe space where you can share your experiences without fear of judgment. From there, we'll explore strategies that help you cope and heal, always keeping your trauma experience in mind.
I blend insights from neuroscience, cultural psychology, and proven therapies to create a plan that works for you. Think of it as having a complete toolkit where we can pick exactly the right tools for your situation.
Our work together follows three key stages:
Stabilisation: First, we build your foundation. This means developing skills to manage emotions and feel more in control of your feelings.
Processing: Next, we carefully work through your experiences in a way that helps you make sense of them and find healing.
Re-integration: Finally, we help you bring your newfound strength and understanding into your everyday life.
I work using a variety of approaches, including:
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy
Cognitive processing therapy
Schema therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Parts/self-states approaches
Compassion-focused therapy
Motivational interviewing
Solution-focused brief therapy
Together, we'll choose the approach that feels right for you. I'm here when you're ready to begin.
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I believe that healing happens through relationships - that's why I focus on building a genuine connection with each person I work with. My approach is warm and compassionate, creating a space where you can feel truly heard and understood.
Your story and experiences are unique, and you are the expert of your own life. I'm here as a knowledgeable guide, blending evidence-based practices with cultural sensitivity to support your journey. Our work together will explore both past experiences and present moments, including the dynamic between us.
I tailor therapy to fit you, not the other way around. Drawing from various approaches - interpersonal, acceptance and commitment, cognitive-behavioural, schema, and parts work - we'll create a path that resonates with who you are. Think of it as crafting a personal roadmap with tools and strategies that work specifically for you.
Feedback is essential to me. I actively seek it because it helps me understand what's working and what needs adjusting. Your input shapes our work together.
Cultural awareness is also at the heart of what I do. I understand that your background, beliefs, and values are central to who you are and how you heal.
Remember, I'm here to support and empower you. When you're ready to begin this journey, we'll take it one step at a time, together.
Common Hesitations About Therapy for Trauma
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Therapy for trauma, especially evidence-based approaches like Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), or Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), is designed to help people heal from traumatic experiences without urging them to re-experience the trauma in a harmful or distressing way. The goal of trauma therapy is to provide a safe and supportive environment in which you can work through your traumatic memories and their associated emotions at your own pace and comfort level.
When considering working with me, here are some important points:
1. Safety is a priority
As a trauma-informed psychologist, I will prioritise your safety and wellbeing throughout the therapeutic process. I will never push you to face any parts of your trauma experiences before we both agree that you are ready.
2. Gradual exposure
In certain therapies like TF-CBT, there may be controlled and gradual exposure to the traumatic memory, but this is done with techniques to ensure distress is reduced. The focus is on processing and reprocessing the memory in a way that reduces its emotional intensity and distress.
3. Choice and control
You will have control over the pace and depth of the therapy. You can share as much or as little as you feel comfortable with, and I will respect your choices. Always.
4. Emotional regulation
Part of trauma therapy often involves teaching you coping skills to manage the intense emotions that may arise during the process. These skills are designed to help you feel more in control and less overwhelmed.
5. Healing and recovery
The ultimate aim of trauma therapy is to help you heal and recover from the effects of trauma. This may involve processing your experiences, but it's always with the goal of reducing the emotional distress and empowering you to live a life aligned with your values.
If I am not the right fit for you (and that is totally okay, I am not everyone’s cup of tea!), these are the points that I invite you to take with you when deciding on the right fit:
1) It's important to choose a qualified and experienced psychologist who understands the specific needs of your experiences and can tailor the therapy to your individual circumstances.
2) Remember that therapy is a collaborative process, and your psychologist will work with you to ensure that you feel safe and supported throughout your healing journey.
3) If you have any concerns or questions about the therapy process, don't hesitate to discuss them with your psychologist so that they can address them appropriately.
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Absolutely, trust issues are a common concern among people seeking therapy, and you can certainly still benefit from the therapeutic process. As a psychologist who works in the trauma field, I understand that trust issues can stem from past traumatic experiences or other life events, and they may affect your ability to open up and build a therapeutic relationship.
Here's how therapy may still be valuable for you:
1. Safe and Supportive Environment
I intentionally aim to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where you can express your concerns and fears about trust openly. This safe space is crucial for addressing trust issues and gradually building trust within the therapeutic relationship.
2. Building Trust Gradually
Therapy allows you to work at your own pace. You don't need to trust me immediately; trust can be developed over time as you become more comfortable and as I consistently demonstrate my reliability and commitment to your wellbeing.
3. Exploration and Understanding
Trust issues often have underlying causes, which therapy can help you explore and understand. This self-awareness can be empowering and help you work towards resolving these issues.
4. Learning Healthy Boundaries
In therapy, you can learn about healthy boundaries and how to set them in your relationships. This can be particularly helpful in addressing trust concerns, as it allows you to protect yourself while still engaging in meaningful connections.
5. Developing Coping Skills
Therapy can equip you with coping skills to manage the anxiety and fear associated with trust issues. These skills can be beneficial in your daily life and relationships outside of therapy.
6. Gradual Exposure to Vulnerability
Over time, therapy can help you become more comfortable with vulnerability, which is often necessary for building trust in relationships.
7. Tailored Approach
Any therapy approach can be adapted to your specific needs and concerns, taking into account your trust issues and working collaboratively with you to address them.
Remember, therapy is a journey, and progress may not always be linear. Trust issues can be complex, but with the right psychologist and a commitment to the process, you can work towards healing and developing healthier patterns of trust in your life. It's important to communicate your concerns with your psychologist so that they can provide the support and guidance you need to make progress in therapy.
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I understand that seeking therapy can sometimes come with concerns about how others might perceive it. It's important to remember that perceptions of therapy vary widely, but I want to emphasise that seeking therapy is a courageous and responsible step toward taking care of your mental and emotional wellbeing.
Here are some important points to consider:
1. Your Decision
It's important to emphasise that you don't owe anyone an explanation for seeking therapy. Your mental health journey is a personal one, and you have the right to keep it as private as you wish. While it can be beneficial to share your experiences with trusted individuals for support, remember that you don't need to disclose any details you're uncomfortable with. Therapy is a confidential and safe space designed to prioritise your needs and wellbeing. The decision to share or not share the fact that you're in therapy is entirely up to you, and it's okay to prioritise your comfort and privacy.
2. Stigma is Reducing
In recent years, there has been a significant reduction in the stigma associated with therapy and mental health treatment. More people, including public figures and celebrities, openly discuss their therapy experiences, which has contributed to greater acceptance and understanding.
3. Personal Growth and Self-Care
Seeking therapy is a sign of self-awareness and a commitment to personal growth and self-care. It's a proactive step toward improving your mental and emotional health, much like seeing a doctor for physical health care.
4. Confidentiality
Psychologists are bound by strict confidentiality standards. Your sessions and what you discuss within them are private and protected. Psychologists cannot disclose any information without your consent, which helps maintain your privacy.
There are exceptions where confidentiality may be broken. See above.
5. Supportive Networks
Sharing your decision to seek therapy with trusted friends and family members can provide you with additional support. Those who care about you may be understanding and encouraging.
6. Education and Awareness
You can choose to educate others about the benefits of therapy and mental health support. By sharing your experiences, you may help reduce stigma and encourage others to seek help if they need it.
7. Your Wellbeing Matters Most
Ultimately, your mental and emotional wellbeing is your top priority. Seeking therapy is a proactive step towards living a healthier and more aligned life.
Remember that people's opinions may vary, but your mental health is a personal matter. Seeking therapy is a proactive choice that can lead to personal growth, healing, and improved overall wellbeing. The most important thing is to prioritise your own mental health and wellbeing above any potential judgments from others.
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I understand your concern, and it's an important question to address. In general, when therapy is conducted by a trained and experienced psychologist using evidence-based approaches, it should not make your trauma worse. However, there are factors to consider to ensure therapy is safe and effective for you:
1. Experienced Therapist
It's crucial to work with a psychologist who works in the trauma space and has experience in treating people with similar experiences to yours. Their experience ensures that therapy is conducted safely.
2. Trauma-Informed Approach
A trauma-informed psychologist will use techniques and approaches that are specifically designed to minimise the risk of retraumatisation. They will prioritise creating a safe and supportive environment.
3. Pacing
A trauma-informed psychologist will work with you at a pace that you are comfortable with. You will not be forced to talk about your traumatic memories before you are ready.
4. Coping Skills
Part of trauma therapy often involves teaching you coping skills to manage the distressing emotions that may arise during the process. These skills are essential for ensuring that therapy does not overwhelm you.
5. Choice and Control
You are in the driver’s seat in the therapy process. You can decide how much you want to disclose and when. Your psychologist should respect your choices and boundaries.
6. Gradual Exposure
In some trauma therapies like exposure therapy, there may be controlled and gradual exposure to traumatic memories, but this is done with techniques to ensure it doesn't retraumatise you. The goal is to reduce the emotional intensity of the trauma, not exacerbate it.
7. Ongoing Communication
Maintain open communication with your psychologist. If at any point you feel that therapy is causing you distress or worsening your symptoms, it's important to discuss this with your psychologist so that adjustments can be made.
It's essential to choose a qualified and experienced psychologist who works in the trauma space and try to be honest about your concerns and comfort levels during therapy. While therapy can be challenging at times, the overall goal is to help you heal and recover from the impact of trauma, not to make your trauma worse. If you are experiencing any negative effects in therapy, it's crucial to address them promptly with your psychologist so that the therapy can be adjusted to better meet your needs and ensure your safety and wellbeing.
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Understanding whether your current symptoms are related to past trauma can be a complex process, and it often requires a trained psychologist who works in the trauma space.
To help you navigate this, I have created a summary of what it may look like. Have a look and see if the description resonates with you, click here.
Common Hesitations About Access & Affordability of Therapy
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I completely understand that not everyone can afford psychological therapy. There are several resources and low-cost options available to support your mental health. It's important to prioritise your wellbeing, and I'm here to help you explore some of these options:
1. Community Mental Health Services
Many communities have public or non-profit mental health centres that offer low-cost or sliding-scale therapy services based on your income. These centres often provide a range of mental health services and can be an excellent option if you're on a tight budget.
For more info about services in Victoria (Australia), click here, here, here, and here.
2. University Psychology Clinics
Universities with psychology programs often have training clinics where graduate students provide therapy under the supervision of licensed professionals. These services are usually more affordable than private therapy.
For more info, click here, here, here, and here.
3. Online Therapy Platforms
Numerous online therapy platforms and apps offer lower-cost therapy with licensed professionals. Some even provide free resources like articles, self-help tools, and community forums for support.
For more info, click here.
4. Hotlines and Helplines
Here are some mental health hotlines and helplines in Australia.
Phone: 13 11 14
Lifeline provides 24/7 crisis support and suicide prevention services for all Australians.
Phone: 1300 22 4636
Beyond Blue offers support for anxiety, depression, and suicide prevention. They provide information, resources, and a helpline.
Phone: 1300 659 467
This service offers 24/7 support for individuals experiencing suicidal thoughts, as well as their loved ones.
Phone: 1800 55 1800
Kids Helpline provides confidential support and counselling for young people aged 5 to 25.
Phone: 1300 78 99 78
MensLine offers support and counseling specifically tailored to men dealing with a range of issues.
Phone: 1800 737 732
This helpline provides support and counselling for those experiencing domestic violence and sexual assault.
Phone: 1800 187 263
SANE provides information, support, and referral services for people affected by mental illness, as well as their families and friends.
Visit the Headspace website to find a centre near you.
Headspace offers mental health support, information, and services specifically for young people aged 12-25.
Victorian Mental Health Triage Service
Phone: 1300 874 243 (24/7)
This service is specific to Victoria and offers mental health crisis support and assessment.
Please note that these helplines and services are available to provide support for various mental health concerns, and they are there to listen, provide information, and assist in times of crisis.
If you or someone you know is in immediate danger or experiencing a mental health emergency, please call 000 for emergency assistance.
5. Non-Profit Organisations
Many non-profit organisations and charities offer mental health support for free or at a reduced cost. Examples include Mind Australia and Wellways Australia.
For more info, click here, here, and here.
6. Support Groups
Joining a support group, either in-person or online, can provide a sense of community and emotional support. Many support groups are free and focus on specific life challenges.
For example, if you have artheristis, you can find a support group in your area, here.
7. Self-Help Resources
There are numerous self-help books, workbooks, and online resources that can provide valuable insights and coping strategies. Libraries often have a wide selection of self-help books you can borrow for free.
8. Mindfulness and Meditation Apps
Apps like Headspace, Calm, and Insight Timer offer free guided mindfulness and meditation exercises that can help manage stress and improve your mental wellbeing.
9. Employee Assistance Programs (EAP)
If you're employed, check if your workplace offers an EAP. These programs typically provide a limited number of free counselling sessions or referrals to affordable mental health services.
10. Online Communities
There are online communities and forums where you can connect with others facing similar challenges. Sharing your experiences with others going through similar experiences may be therapeutic.
Remember, seeking help is a sign of strength, and there are resources available to support you even if you can't afford psychological therapy. Explore these options, and don't hesitate to reach out to any of them to take the first step towards improving your wellbeing.
Your wellbeing is an important investment, and there are people and organisations ready to assist you on your journey to better mental health.
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Absolutely, there are indeed cultural factors that are essential to consider in therapy. Cultural sensitivity is a vital aspect of providing effective mental health care, and I deeply appreciate the significance of addressing these factors. Here are some key points to consider:
1. Cultural Values and Beliefs
Your culture has its own sets of values, beliefs, and norms that shape your worldviews and behaviours. It's important to respect and understand these cultural aspects to avoid misunderstanding or inadvertently causing harm to you.
2. Language and Communication
Language barriers can hinder effective communication in therapy. It's essential to offer language-appropriate services and, if necessary, provide you with an interpreter to ensure that you can express yourself fully.
Language is a wonderfully diverse and complex human creation, with each language carrying its unique set of idioms and expressions that capture the essence of culture, history, and daily life. Some of these idioms are so rich and nuanced that they defy direct translation into other languages. However, the beauty of language lies in the opportunity it provides for exploration, learning, and mutual understanding, even when faced with untranslatable idioms.
And you know what, we can always Google Translate!
3. Stigma and Mental Health
The stigma associated with mental health can vary across cultures. My culture may have a strong stigma against seeking therapy, while yours may be more accepting. Understanding these variations can help tailor treatment plans to you.
4. Family and Community Support
Your culture may place a significant emphasis on family and community support systems. In some cases, involving family members or community leaders in therapy can be beneficial. In other cases, not so much.
5. Cultural Identity
You may struggle with issues related to your cultural identity, such as acculturation, discrimination, or feelings of not belonging. These issues can impact your mental health and may be explored in therapy.
6. Trauma and Cultural Sensitivity
Traumatic experiences related to your culture or ethnicity can be particularly complex. Being aware of historical traumas or conflicts that may affect your mental health is important.
7. Religious and Spiritual Beliefs
Religion and spirituality may be integral parts of your life. It's essential to respect and consider how your beliefs intersect with your mental health and wellbeing.
8. Cultural Competence
As a culturally- competent psychologist, I am continually working on my cultural competence, which involves learning about different cultures, questioning personal biases, and adapting therapeutic approaches to meet the unique needs of each person I work with.
9. Intersectionality
Your identity is multifaceted, and cultural factors intersect with other aspects of your identity, such as gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status. Recognising these intersections is important in providing holistic care to you.
10. Personalised Treatment Plans
Therapy should be tailored to your cultural background and needs. This may involve incorporating cultural practices, rituals, or narratives into the therapeutic process.
In summary, cultural factors play a significant role in therapy. In my therapeutic space, I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental, and culturally sensitive environment where you can explore your mental health concerns in a way that respects your cultural background and identity. It's through this awareness and sensitivity that we can work together to promote healing and growth.
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I completely understand that the idea of therapy can be overwhelming for you, especially when you're dealing with trauma. It's completely normal to have mixed feelings or apprehensions about starting therapy. Please know that you're not alone in feeling this way, and I'm here to offer guidance and support.
Here are some steps you may consider taking if you're feeling overwhelmed by the idea of therapy:
1. Acknowledge Your Feelings
It's important to recognise and accept your feelings of apprehension and anxiety. Therapy is a significant step, and it's okay to feel unsure about it.
2. Take Your Time
You don't have to rush into therapy. Take your time to research and find a psychologist who feels like the right fit for you. Trust is really, really important in the therapeutic relationship.
3. Start with Information Gathering
Begin by gathering information about therapy and the different approaches available. Understanding what to expect can help demystify the process.
I talk about what to expect in therapy on my social media.
4. Talk to Friends or Supportive People
Consider reaching out to friends, family members, or support groups if you feel comfortable doing so. They can provide insights, share their own experiences, and offer emotional support.
5. Consult with a Psychologist
Many psychologists offer free 15-minute initial consultations, including me. This can be an opportunity to meet me, ask questions, and assess whether you feel comfortable working with me.
6. Consider Teletherapy
If the idea of face-to-face therapy is overwhelming, you might explore teletherapy options. Online sessions can provide a sense of comfort and familiarity.
7. Set Realistic Expectations
Understand that therapy is a process, and healing takes time. It's okay to start therapy with small, manageable goals and gradually work your way toward addressing deeper issues.
8. Self-Care
While you're considering therapy, practice self-care to manage your emotional wellbeing. Engage in activities that help you relax and reduce stress.
9. Journaling
Keeping a journal can be a helpful way to express your thoughts and feelings. It can also serve as a useful tool to track your progress in therapy.
10. Remember Your Resilience
You've already shown resilience by acknowledging the need for help. Remember that seeking therapy is a courageous step toward healing.
Please remember that I am here to support you, and my primary goal is to help you navigate your journey to healing and recovery. It's perfectly okay to take things one step at a time and seek the support you need when you're ready.
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Therapy can be tailored to your schedule. Discuss your time constraints with a therapist to find a suitable arrangement.
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The cost of not addressing mental health challenges often far exceeds the monetary price of therapy. When we delay or avoid seeking help, we may face:
Strained or broken relationships with partners, family, and friends
Reduced work performance, missed promotions, or job loss
Impaired decision-making that affects finances and life choices
Physical health problems from chronic stress and anxiety
Lost opportunities and experiences due to depression or anxiety
Decreased quality of life and daily enjoyment
While therapy can seem expensive upfront, there are many ways to access mental health support:
Sliding-scale therapists who adjust fees based on income
Community mental health centers offering reduced-cost services
Training clinics at universities with supervised student therapists
Online therapy platforms that may be more affordable
Group therapy sessions which typically cost less
Insurance coverage for mental health services
Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) through work
Support groups and peer counseling programs
Consider therapy an investment in your wellbeing, relationships, and future. Taking care of your mental health now can prevent much larger personal and financial costs down the road. If cost is a barrier, don't give up - reach out to providers to discuss payment options or ask about referrals to affordable resources in your community.
Stereotypes About PsycholoGISTS
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Psychologists use various therapeutic techniques to address mental health issues, not just asking about feelings.
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Psychologists cannot read minds; they work with clients to understand and address their thoughts and emotions through communication and assessment.
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Note-taking can be a part of therapy, but it's not universal among psychologists, and it depends on the therapeutic approach.